Recurrent Shoulder Dislocation
Overview
Recurrent shoulder dislocation occurs when the shoulder joint becomes unstable and dislocates multiple times, usually following an initial injury. The shoulder is the most mobile joint in the body, making it highly at risk for dislocation. Stretched or torn ligaments and soft tissues that no longer support the joint firmly in place make it more likely for a shoulder to dislocate again.
Symptoms
- shoulder dislocation or “slipping out” on a regular basis, even with little activity.
- Swelling and pain right after dislocation.
- a discernible abnormality or a feeling of instability or looseness in the shoulder.
- shoulder weakness or bruises following a dislocation.
inability to move the arm painlessly.
Causes
- Trauma or Injury: A direct blow, fall, or sports-related injury can cause the shoulder to dislocate.
- Repetitive Overuse: Activities involving overhead motions (e.g., swimming, baseball) may weaken the shoulder over time, leading to instability.
- Congenital Laxity: Some individuals have looser ligaments, making them more prone to dislocation.
Diagnosis
- Medical History: Detailed history of previous dislocations and any trauma that may have contributed to shoulder instability.
- Physical Exam: Testing for joint looseness, pain, and range of motion.
- Imaging: X-rays to check for fractures or joint abnormalities; MRI scans to assess ligament, tendon, and soft tissue damage.
Treatment Options
- Non-Surgical: Physical therapy to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder and improve joint stability.
- Surgical: When non-surgical treatments fail, surgery is recommended to repair damaged tissues and stabilize the joint. Common procedures include arthroscopic stabilization or the Latarjet procedure (see below for details on Latarjet).
Recovery
- Immobilization: The shoulder may be placed in a sling for several weeks post-surgery.
- Physical Therapy: Gradual rehabilitation aimed at restoring strength and range of motion while preventing future dislocations.
- Follow-Up Care: Regular check-ups to ensure proper healing and joint stability.
